Incidence and Distribution of Jaw Pathologies among 0–15 Years Age Group at a Tertiary Rural Health‑Care Center of Maharashtra: A Retrospective Study of 10 Years

Abstract

Objective: This study was undertaken to investigate the prevalence of intraosseous jaw lesions

among pediatrics (0–15 years of age) in a rural health‑care center of Maharashtra and to determine

the most common types of lesions and their distribution according to gender and anatomical site

involved. Study Design: Histopathological data were collected from a database of lesions classified

as intraosseous jaw lesions dated between January 1, 2005, and December 31, 2015, from the

archives of the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Rural Dental College, Maharashtra,

India. All the cases of jaw cysts and tumors among children under 16 years of age group were

segregated and scrutinized further under the headings of type of pathologies, anatomical locations

where they are most commonly seen, and the age/gender most pertinent to these pathologies.

Results: The present study revealed that 114/3896 jaw lesions were pediatric jaw pathologies, of

which odontogenic cysts were 67/114 and jaw tumors were 47/114. Among the cysts, 70% were

developmental cysts and 30% were inflammatory cysts. The majority (71.6%) of the jaw cysts

were found in the mixed dentition phase (7–15 years). Among the jaw tumors, 55% of them

were categorized under odontogenic tumors and 45% were under fibro‑osseous lesions. Similar to

intraosseous jaw cysts, tumors of jaws were more prevalent under the age of mixed dentition, which

was found to be 87%. Male predominance was seen and the overall male:female ratio was calculated

as 1:0.52 and 1:0.5 for cysts and tumors, respectively. Mandibular posterior segment was found to be

the most commonly encountered anatomical site in both the groups of cases. Conclusion: A large

number of cases were recorded, which led us to a path of interrogation through which the reason

for increased incidence was extracted, and it was agreed that though the pathogenesis remains the

same in every individual, routine health checkups and early diagnosis may reduce the incidence and

aggressiveness of pathologies, respectively, which was lacking at the rural area.

Keywords: Odontogenic cysts, pediatrics, treatment, tumors

AUTHORS: Parul Tandon, Seemit Shah, Anuj Dadhich, Harish Saluja, Himanshu Chauhan