The field of endodontics is constantly evolving and changing to deliver the best possible treatment for the patient. Cryotherapy is a long-standing approach that has been applied in various fields including endodontics. In physiotherapy, it means lowering or decreasing the temperature of tissues for therapeutic purposes.
METHODS TO APPLY CRYOTHERAPY IN ROOT CANAL
The intense cold used in cryotherapy can be produced using different substances such as liquid nitrogen, liquid nitrous oxide and argon gas.
EFFECT ON POST ENDODONTIC PAIN
Cryotherapy in endodontics shows a statistically significant reduction in postoperative pain levels at all tested time intervals and reduced analgesic intake at six hours postoperatively. The use of intracanal cryotherapy technique with negative pressure irrigation eliminates post-endodontic pain after single-visit root canal treatment.
EFFECT ON SUCCESS OF LOCAL ANAETHESIA
Preoperative intraoral cryotherapy application after an IANB did not provide profound pulpal anaesthesia for about 45% of mandibular molars with symptomatic irreversible pulpitis. However, intraoral cryotherapy might be preferred as a simple and cheap auxiliary application to increase the success rate of IANBs in patients with symptomatic irreversible pulpitis.
VITAL PULP CRYOTHERAPY
Vital pulp cryotherapy has been used in order to control pulpal bleeding. Shaved sterile water ice (0°C) was placed over the direct or the indirect exposure of the pulpal tissue along with the entire tooth, followed by 17% EDTA rinse and bioceramic permanent restoration. The treated teeth became asymptomatic after 2 weeks after 12–18 months follow up the tooth remained vital, asymptomatic, and functional.
ANTIMICROBIAL EFFICACY OF CRYOTREATMENT AGAINST Enterococcus faecalis
The utilization of cryo-instrumentation along with NaOCl irrigation fundamentally decreased the quantity of Enterococcus faecalis in the root canal. So, it appeared to greatly affect the decrease in microscopic organisms contrasted with a standard NaOCl.
EFFECT OF CRYOTHERAPY ON ENDODONTIC INSTRUMENT
Deep cryogenic treatment (DCT) using liquid nitrogen at temperatures -185ºC and -196ºC improves the life of the instruments. Immersing the material in liquid nitrogen, the process is called as wet. Deep cryogenic treatment is considered to be more advantageous due to its better cutting efficiency, strength, and lowering of the internal stresses of alloy.
CONCLUSION
Cryotherapy is relatively new and considered to be effortless and cost efficient, non-irritating supplementary method for minimizing pain during and after endodontic treatment. In any case, more exploration studies ought to be directed soon to research the potential advantages of this method
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